Christmas in Catalonia is filled with unique traditions that combine religion, family, and folklore. Below, we explore some of Catalonia's most curious and beloved ones.
The Caga Tió: The Magical Christmas Log
One of the most endearing traditions is the Caga Tió, also known as the "Tió de Nadal." This peculiar wooden log, decorated with a smiling face and covered with a blanket, arrives in Catalan homes at the beginning of December. In the weeks leading up to Christmas, children "feed" the Tió with fruit peels and other foods. On December 24th, after singing traditional songs, children hit the log with sticks while shouting: "Caga Tió!" Finally, the log "poops" gifts and sweets for everyone.
The Caganer: An Unusual Figure
The ‘Caganer’ is probably the most unusual element of the Catalan Christmas. It is a traditional figure included in Catalan nativity scenes, always in a discreet spot. It depicts a person squatting to relieve themselves, which often surprises those unfamiliar with the tradition. Today, it's common to find Caganers representing famous figures, from politicians to sports people.
Living Nativity Scenes
The nativity scene is an essential part of Christmas in Catalonia. In addition to traditional miniature nativity sets, present in all Catalan homes, many towns and cities organise ‘pessebres vivents’ (living nativity scenes), theatrical performances where real people recreate scenes of Jesus's birth. One of the most famous is in Corbera de Llobregat, which takes place in a stunning natural setting. These performances often include historical details and provide an immersive experience for attendees.
Els Pastorets: Theater and Fun for Christmas
Another notable tradition is ‘Els Pastorets’ (The Little Shepherds), theatrical plays that combine humour, drama, and spirituality. These performances, which date back to the 18th century, narrate the battle between good and evil through the story of shepherds who, guided by angels, face demons while witnessing the birth of Jesus. "Els Pastorets" are performed in local theatres and parishes, and involve amateur actors.
The Night of the Three Kings and the Parade
Although Christmas Day is important, in Catalonia, the celebration culminates with the arrival of the Three Wise Men on the night of January 5th. The parades fill the streets with magic and colour, featuring decorated floats, music, and candy. One of the most spectacular parades is in Barcelona, attracting thousands of spectators every year. On January 6th, after receiving the gifts brought by the Wise Men from the East, families gather to eat and enjoy the traditional ‘roscón de Reyes’, a brioche-like ring-shaped pastry decorated with candied fruits. Hidden inside is a small figurine, and according to tradition, whoever finds it must pay for the ‘roscón’.
Catalan Christmas Meals
Family gatherings are at the heart of Christmas celebrations, and food plays a crucial role. Among the traditional dishes are ‘escudella i carn d’olla’, a hearty soup served on Christmas Day, and ‘canelons’, which are enjoyed especially on Saint Stephen's Day (December 26th). For dessert, no Christmas is complete without ‘turró’, ‘neules’ (rolled wafers), and cava, Catalonia's signature sparkling wine.
